{"id":1213,"date":"2021-05-12T10:23:31","date_gmt":"2021-05-12T10:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/?p=1213"},"modified":"2022-07-01T14:53:01","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T14:53:01","slug":"ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"CCUS in 2021: Top 3 Carbon Capture Technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"<center><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XTq971RGYl8\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><center><em>This video explains what CCUS is and outlines the top three carbon capture technologies in 2021<\/em><\/center><!-- \/wp:embed -->\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 20px;\"><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\r\n<p>We must reduce our emissions to avoid a temperature increase above 1.5\u00b0C. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumes some deployment of carbon capture technology will help to ensure this.<span id='easy-footnote-1-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-1213' title='Rogelj, J., Shindell, D., Jiang, K., Fifita, S., Ginzburg, V., Handa, C., Kheshgi, H., Kobayashi, S., Mundaca, L., S\u00e9f\u00e9rian, R., Vilari\u00f1o, M., Calvin, K., Millar, R., Popp, A., Huppmann, D., Flato, G., Fuglestvedt, J., Mrabet, R., Schaeffer, R. and Rogelj, J. (2018). 2 Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5\u00b0C in the Context of Sustainable Development Coordinating Lead Authors: Lead Authors: Contributing Authors: Chapter Scientist: Review Editors:: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5\u00b0C in the Context of Sustainable Development. In: Global Warming of 1.5\u00b0C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. [online] . Available at: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/02\/SR15_Chapter2_Low_Res.pdf.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>The IPCC is the United Nation\u2019s body on climate change.<span id='easy-footnote-2-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-1213' title='IPCC (2019). IPCC \u2014 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [online] Ipcc.ch. Available at: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/.'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> It finds that global warming is \u201clikely to reach 1.5\u00b0C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate\u201d. Worryingly, this will create climate-related risks for natural and human systems, including flooding, drought and extreme temperatures.<span id='easy-footnote-3-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-1213' title='IPCC (2018). Summary for Policymakers \u2014 Global Warming of 1.5 oC. [online] Ipcc.ch. Available at: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/sr15\/chapter\/spm\/.'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Can carbon capture technology prevent this from happening?<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>What is carbon capture and storage technology?<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a way of reducing our carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It involves capturing CO2 produced by power plants or industrial facilities. Then, the captured CO2 is transported and stored underground.<span id='easy-footnote-4-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-1213' title='www.nationalgrid.com. (n.d.). What is Carbon Capture and Storage? | National Grid Group. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.nationalgrid.com\/stories\/energy-explained\/what-is-ccs-how-does-it-work.'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Ultimately, this keeps it from entering the Earth\u2019s atmosphere and contributing to climate change.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>CO2 in the atmosphere traps heat and prevents it from escaping into space. As a matter of fact, a small amount is useful as it keeps our planet warm. However, humans have increased the atmospheric concentration of CO2 by 47 per cent since the Industrial Revolution.<span id='easy-footnote-5-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-1213' title='NASA (2018). The Causes of Climate Change. [online] Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Available at: https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/causes\/.'><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> We are consequently increasing the planet\u2019s temperature by 0.2\u00b0C each decade.<span id='easy-footnote-6-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-1213' title='IPCC (2018). Summary for Policymakers \u2014 Global Warming of 1.5 oC. [online] Ipcc.ch. Available at: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/sr15\/chapter\/spm\/.'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>Where do carbon dioxide emissions come from?<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>It is true that carbon capture technology can help us reduce our emissions. But, it is not \u201cessential to beating climate change\u201d, as some argue.<span id='easy-footnote-7-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-1213' title='Global CCS Institute. (n.d.). Carbon capture and storage remains essential to beating climate change. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/news-media\/press-room\/media-releases\/carbon-capture-and-storage-remains-essential-to-beating-climate-change\/ [Accessed 23 Apr. 2021].'><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clientearth.org\/latest\/latest-updates\/stories\/fossil-fuels-and-climate-change-the-facts\/#:~:text=The%20Intergovernmental%20Panel%20on%20Climate,from%20fossil%20fuels%20and%20industry.&amp;text=However%2C%20it%20is%20still%20a,the%20world's%20total%20carbon%20emissions.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">89 per cent <\/a>of global CO2 emissions came from fossil fuels and industry in 2018.<span id='easy-footnote-8-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-1213' title='www.clientearth.org. (2020). Fossil fuels and climate change: the facts. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.clientearth.org\/latest\/latest-updates\/stories\/fossil-fuels-and-climate-change-the-facts\/.'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> In fact, if we stopped producing and consuming so much coal, oil and natural gas in the first place, we could massively reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, there would be no need to capture CO2 if we were not producing so much of it.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":1217,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img width=\"430\" height=\"250\" class=\"wp-image-1217\" src=\"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unnamed-1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"CCUS plans\" srcset=\"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unnamed-1-1.jpeg 430w, https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unnamed-1-1-300x174.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>How does carbon capture technology work?<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>There are three main ways to capture CO2. This includes pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. They capture CO2 before, after or during the combustion of a fossil fuel.<span id='easy-footnote-9-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-1213' title='www.greenfacts.org. (n.d.). 3. How do CO2 capture technologies work? [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.greenfacts.org\/en\/co2-capture-storage\/l-3\/3-capture-co2.htm.'><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u00a0<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>What are the main types of carbon capture and storage technology?<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\r\n<h3>Pre-combustion technology and CO2<\/h3>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Pre-combustion carbon capture is commercially available for industrial facilities.<span id='easy-footnote-10-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-10-1213' title='Resources for the Future. (2020). Carbon Capture and Storage 101. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.rff.org\/publications\/explainers\/carbon-capture-and-storage-101\/.'><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span> For example, it may be used for natural gas processing.<span id='easy-footnote-11-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-11-1213' title='Global CCS Institute. (2018). Capture. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/about\/what-is-ccs\/capture\/.'><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> However, incorporating this carbon capture technology into power plants requires significant modifications. Therefore, it is more suitable for new plants.<span id='easy-footnote-12-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-12-1213' title='Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment. (2018). What is carbon capture and storage and what role can it play in tackling climate change? [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/what-is-carbon-capture-and-storage-and-what-role-can-it-play-in-tackling-climate-change\/.'><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Pre-combustion capture works by oxidising the fuel for combustion into a synthesis gas (or syngas). This is a mixture of CO2, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other compounds. Then, the synthesis gas undergoes a water-gas shift reaction. It produces hydrogen and CO2-rich gas. After this, CO2 can then be captured in a concentrated stream, ready for transportation. It leaves the hydrogen ready for combustion without releasing any emissions.<span id='easy-footnote-13-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-13-1213' title='Energy.gov. (n.d.). Pre-Combustion Carbon Capture Research. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/fe\/science-innovation\/carbon-capture-and-storage-research\/carbon-capture-rd\/pre-combustion-carbon.'><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\r\n<h3>Post-combustion technology<\/h3>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Post-combustion carbon capture is the primary method used in existing power plants.<span id='easy-footnote-14-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-14-1213' title='Resources for the Future. (n.d.). Carbon Capture and Storage 101. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.rff.org\/publications\/explainers\/carbon-capture-and-storage-101\/.'><sup>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> It can also be retrofitted to existing power stations.<span id='easy-footnote-15-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-15-1213' title='Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment. (2018). What is carbon capture and storage and what role can it play in tackling climate change? [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/what-is-carbon-capture-and-storage-and-what-role-can-it-play-in-tackling-climate-change\/.'><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span> It is relatively easy to modify facilities that were originally built without the technology.<span id='easy-footnote-16-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-16-1213' title='Canada, N.R. (2008). Post Combustion CO2 Capture. [online] www.nrcan.gc.ca. Available at: https:\/\/www.nrcan.gc.ca\/energy\/energy-sources-distribution\/coal-and-co2-capture-storage\/carbon-capture-storage\/post-combustion-co2-capture\/4321.'><sup>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>This carbon capture technology separates CO2 from the exhaust of a combustion process.<span id='easy-footnote-17-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-17-1213' title='Zeroco2.no. (2016). What is CCS? \u2014 zeroco2. [online] Available at: http:\/\/www.zeroco2.no\/introduction\/what-is-ccs.'><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span> When fossil fuels are burned, the exhaust fills with flue gases. These are composed of CO2, water vapour, sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides. The flue gas passes through a solvent. It absorbs the CO2. The solvent is then heated to release water vapour and leave behind a concentrated stream of CO2.<span id='easy-footnote-18-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-18-1213' title='Ronca, D. (2021). How Carbon Capture Works. [online] HowStuffWorks. Available at: https:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/environmental\/green-science\/carbon-capture.htm.'><sup>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Though post-combustion carbon capture can capture 80 to 90 per cent of carbon emissions, it has a major flaw. It necessitates a large amount of energy to compress the CO2 for transportation.<span id='easy-footnote-19-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-19-1213' title='Ronca, D. (2021). How Carbon Capture Works. [online] HowStuffWorks. Available at: https:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/environmental\/green-science\/carbon-capture.htm.'><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Canadian coal-fired power station Boundary Dam has post-combustion carbon capture technology. However, its CCS facilities use a quarter of the plant\u2019s total power output to operate.<span id='easy-footnote-20-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-20-1213' title='Roberts, D. (2015). It turns out the world\u2019s first \u201cclean coal\u201d plant is a backdoor subsidy to oil producers. [online] Grist. Available at: https:\/\/grist.org\/climate-energy\/turns-out-the-worlds-first-clean-coal-plant-is-a-backdoor-subsidy-to-oil-producers\/.'><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Therefore, capturing CO2 requires the burning of more coal. This is both inefficient and costly.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"center\",\"id\":1216,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img width=\"600\" height=\"352\" class=\"wp-image-1216\" src=\"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/t_drage_natccs_presenting_sep14.jpeg\" alt=\"Talk about CCUS\" srcset=\"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/t_drage_natccs_presenting_sep14.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/t_drage_natccs_presenting_sep14-300x176.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\r\n<h3>Oxyfuel technology<\/h3>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Oxyfuel is the third carbon capture technology in use today. By burning a fossil fuel in oxygen instead of air, combustion occurs at a higher temperature. This improves the efficiency of the reaction.<span id='easy-footnote-21-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-21-1213' title='Linde Engineering. (n.d.). Oxyfuel combustion. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.linde-engineering.com\/en\/process-plants\/co2-plants\/carbon-capture\/oxyfuel\/index.html.'><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span> It also produces a flue gas that is predominantly H2O and CO2.<span id='easy-footnote-22-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-22-1213' title='Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2005) CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE. [online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/2018\/03\/srccs_wholereport-1.pdf.'><sup>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span> This makes it easier to capture, compress and store the stream of CO2.<span id='easy-footnote-23-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-23-1213' title='Davison, J. and Philippe, M. (n.d.). Chapter 3: Capture of CO2. [online] IPCC. Available at: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/2018\/03\/srccs_chapter3-1.pdf.'><sup>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Oxyfuel carbon capture has progressed significantly since 2005.<span id='easy-footnote-24-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-24-1213' title='Stanger, R., Wall, T., Sp\u00f6rl, R., Paneru, M., Grathwohl, S., Weidmann, M., Scheffknecht, G., McDonald, D., My\u00f6h\u00e4nen, K., Ritvanen, J., Rahiala, S., Hypp\u00e4nen, T., Mletzko, J., Kather, A. and Santos, S. (2015). Oxyfuel combustion for CO2 capture in power plants. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, [online] 40, pp.55\u2013125. Available at: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1750583615002637 [Accessed 16 Nov. 2019].'><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span> The first coal plant with oxyfuel capture facilities, the Callide Oxyfuel Project, opened in 2012. However, operations ceased in March 2015.<span id='easy-footnote-25-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-25-1213' title='Global Energy Monitor. (2019). Callide Oxyfuel Project. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.gem.wiki\/Callide_Oxyfuel_Project [Accessed 23 Apr. 2021].'><sup>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>The viability of carbon capture technology to prevent climate change<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>As a concept, CCS is a useful way to reduce human-caused carbon emissions. It would enable industrial facilities and power plants to continue making products and generating energy without adding CO2 to the atmosphere.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>However, in reality, 80 per cent of carbon captured is used for enhanced oil recovery. This means it is employed to obtain hard-to-reach oil from deep reservoirs.<span id='easy-footnote-26-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-26-1213' title='IEA. (n.d.). CCUS in Clean Energy Transitions \u2013 Analysis. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions.'><sup>26<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Oil is another fossil fuel. Therefore, it releases large quantities of carbon through combustion.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2>CCS power facilities<\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Furthermore, there are just 19 large-scale industrial and two large-scale CCS power facilities in operation today. Their CO2 capture capacity is 40 million tonnes per year.<span id='easy-footnote-27-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-27-1213' title='SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy. (2020). Net-Zero and Geospheric Return: Actions Today for 2030 and Beyond. [online] Columbia. Available at: https:\/\/www.energypolicy.columbia.edu\/research\/report\/net-zero-and-geospheric-return-actions-today-2030-and-beyond.'><sup>27<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Meanwhile, however, humans are collectively emitting about 39 billion tonnes of CO2 annually.<span id='easy-footnote-28-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-28-1213' title='www.theworldcounts.com. (n.d.). The World Counts. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.theworldcounts.com\/challenges\/climate-change\/global-warming\/global-co2-emissions\/story.'><sup>28<\/sup><\/a><\/span> We would need a huge increase in CCS facilities to capture significant quantities of the greenhouse gas.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>But, such an increase seems highly unlikely. In fact, there are just 20 additional large-scale CCS projects in development. Moreover, capital projects of this scale require six to ten years from conception to completion.<span id='easy-footnote-29-1213' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/ccus-in-2021-top-3-carbon-capture-technologies\/#easy-footnote-bottom-29-1213' title='SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy. (2020). Net-Zero and Geospheric Return: Actions Today for 2030 and Beyond. [online] Columbia. Available at: https:\/\/www.energypolicy.columbia.edu\/research\/report\/net-zero-and-geospheric-return-actions-today-2030-and-beyond.'><sup>29<\/sup><\/a><\/span> To capture enough carbon to prevent climate change, an enormous scale-up of CCS technologies and facilities would be needed by 2030.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>This is simply not going to happen. Therefore, to save our planet, we should stop using fossil fuels entirely and <a href=\"https:\/\/climatetransform.com\/renewable-energy-sources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transition to clean renewable energy<\/a> instead.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This video explains what CCUS is and outlines the top three carbon capture technologies in 2021 We must reduce our emissions to avoid a temperature increase above 1.5\u00b0C. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assumes some deployment of carbon capture technology will help to ensure this.\u00a0 The IPCC is the United Nation\u2019s body on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,210],"tags":[203,207],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CCUS in 2021: Top 3 Carbon Capture Technologies - Climate Transform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Some view carbon capture technology as essential to combat climate change. 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